C4: Predicting and identifying reactions and products
C4.1 Predicting chemical reactions
CM4.1i arithmetic computation and ratio when determining empirical formulae, balancing equations
C4.1a recall the simple properties of Groups 1, 7 and 0 to include physical and chemical properties
C4.1b explain how observed simple properties of Groups 1, 7 and 0 depend on the outer shell of electrons of the atoms and predict properties from given trends down the groups to include ease of electron gain or loss; physical and chemical properties
C4.1c recall the general properties of transition metals and their compounds and exemplify these by reference to a small number of transition metals to include melting point, density, reactivity, formation of coloured ions with different charges and uses as catalysts
C4.1d predict possible reactions and probable reactivity of elements from their positions in the periodic table to include melting point, density, reactivity, formation of coloured ions with different charges and uses as catalyst
C4.1e explain how the reactivity of metals with water or dilute acids is related to the tendency of the metal to form its positive ion
C4.1f deduce an order of reactivity of metals based on experimental results
C4.2 Identifying the products of chemical reactions
CM4.2i interpret charts, particularly in spectroscopy
C4.2a describe tests to identify selected gases to include oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and chlorine
C4.2b describe tests to identify aqueous cations and aqueous anions to include calcium, copper, iron(II), iron(III) and zinc using sodium hydroxide; carbonates and sulfates using aqueous barium chloride followed by hydrochloric acid; chloride, bromide and iodide using silver nitrate
C4.2c describe how to perform a flame test
C4.2d identify species from test results
C4.2e interpret flame tests to identify metal ions to include the ions of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and copper
C4.2f describe the advantages of instrumental methods of analysis to include sensitivity, accuracy and speed
C4.2g interpret an instrumental result given appropriate data in chart or tabular form, when accompanied by a reference set of data in the same form